Biology

For evaporation to occur there must be heat
the heat is from sunlight (light energy to heat energy)
tthe leaf is warmed by sunlight
evaporation occurs (where the water changes from liquid to gas state) in the spongey mesophile.
diffusion of water vapour through the stomatal pore to the outside atmosphere through a steep diffusion gradient.

Biology 2.53

Roots increase surface area by having a branching pattern. This is on a tissue level.
Roots increase surface area also by having root hairs.
Root hairs are extensions of the cell wall. They increase surface area on a molecular level.
Osmosis is the movement of water from a higher water concentration to a lower water concentration through a concentration gradient.
Water moves across the cortex of the root to the xylem by osmosis.