2.72

understand that water is reabsorbed into the blood from the collecting duct








bowmans capsule - location of ultrafiltration
glomerula filtrate contains- glucose, water, salts, and urea
flitration filters too much water.
when filtrate reaches the 'collecting duct' the water is removed from the filtrate.
water is returned back to blood vessels
called 'sclected rehabsorptoin of water' - occurs in collecting duct.

2.71

describe ultrafiltration in the Bowmans capsule and the composition of the glomerular flitrate.

2.70

videos for 2.67-2.69

2.67 a -


2.67 b -


2.68 a -


2.68 b -


2.69 -

2.69

describe the structure of the urinary system including the kidneys, uteres, bladder and urethra
each kidney has a separate blood supply
uterer is the tube from the kidney to the bladder
there is only 1 bladder, (common bladder)
urine--travelles through urethra- and out.

2.68 b

understand how the kidney carries out its roles of excretion and of osmoregulation
the tissue fluid must be isotonic with the cells cytoplasm. so the compostion of blood here must be controlled (the kidney does this)
if it was hypotonic there would be too much water, if it was hypertonic, there would be too little water
excess H(2)O + salts --> excreted down

2.68 a

understand how the kidneys carries out its role of excretion and of osmoregulation
(nitrogen --- urea)
amino acids in excess have to be removed as they are toxic
the liver converts the excess amino acids into urea which re-enters bloodstream
the urea enters both kidneys, which filter it and add it so it is urea+water (urine( and then go down a common pipe to collect in the bladder.